Some of the other main Festivals

• Dashain Holidays
  During the month of Kartik in the Bikram Sambat calendar (late September and early October), the Nepalese people indulge in the biggest festival of the year, Dashain. Dashain is the longest and the most auspicious festival in the Nepalese annual calendar, celebrated by Nepalese of all caste and creed throughout the country. The fifteen days of celebration occurs during the bright lunar fortnight ending on the day of the full moon.
• Tihar Holidays
  Tihar, the festival of lights is one of the most dazzling of all Hindu festivals. In this festival we worship Goddess Laxmi, the Goddess of wealth. It heralds the month of Kartik (October/November) starting with Kukur Puja-Narak Chaturdashi.
• Maghe Sankranti
  Maghe Sankranti is the beginning of the holy month of Magh, usually the mid of January. It brings an end to the ill-omened month of Poush (mid-december) when all religious ceremonies are forbidden. Even if it is considered the coldest day of the year, it marks the coming of warmer weather and better days of health and fortune.
• Shree Panchami
  This festival falls in mid Magh (January/February).It is celebrated as the birthday of Saraswati, the Goddess of Learning. She is the lily-white daughter of Shiva and Durga in spotless white robe and seated in a full-blown lotus.
  This day is also dedicated to the martyrs of Nepal and hence celebrated as Martyr's Day.
• Maha Shiva Ratri
  This day is the celebration dedicated to the Lord Shiva which falls on the Trayodashi of the month Fagun (February/March).

• Ghode Jatra
  Ghode Jatra, the Horse Racing Day falls on Darhsa Shrad Aunsi of the month Chaitra (March/April). A grand horse parade takes place at Tundikhel, the central point of the city reputed to have been in the former days the largest parade ground in Asia.
• Shree Ram Nawami
  Ram Nawami is celebrated in the mid of Chaitra (March/April) as Lord Ram's Birthday. It is celebrated with much pomp at Janaki temple in Janakpur city, which lies in southern Nepal.
• Bagh Jatra
  The Bagh Jatra of Pokhara is another cultural baggage brought by Newars from Kathmandu, celebrated in early august. The festival has been celebrated in Pokhara for about 150 years. It expresses the people's joy at their deliverance from a marauding tiger. On the first day, people dress up like hunters and make an appearance accompanied by musical bands. The next day is an interlude devoted to the showing of comic programs. For three days,the hunting party parades through different parts of the town before "slaying" the beast to end the festivities.
• Bhairav Kumari Jatra
  This is one of the major religious celebrations in Dolkha, an historic town in north-eastern Nepal (133 km from Kathmandu off the highway to Tibet). The festival falls on early August; and consists of masked dances that go on non-stop for five days. Escorted by musical bands, dancers representing the deities Bhairav and Kumari and other gods and goddesses swirl and sway through Dolkha, visiting its many temples. On the occasion, devotees also undergo fasting and worship Bhairav and Kumari. The ceremony has a history going back more than five centuries.
• Chaite Dasain
  Chaite Dasain used to be the original day of the grand Dasain festival (which takes place exactly six months later now), but because people got their stomachs upset after feasting on spicy food during the warm month of Chaitra, the grand celebration was shifted to the cooler season. But the religious fervor is still evident in the celebrations of the day.
• Gaura Parva
  Gaura Parva is another celebration honoring Lord Krishna's birthday. It is celebrated in far western Nepal with much gusto for two days (August/September). Apart from the many ceremonies that happen during this festival, it is the occasion for married women to put on the sacred thread. The deuda dance is a major part of the festivities in which participants hold hands and form a circle as they step to traditional music.
• Gunla
  Gunla is a sacred month dedicated to Lord Buddha. This festival commemorates the auspicious "rains retreat" when the Buddha, over 2,500 years ago, led his close disciples into solitary meditation and preached to them the essence of his principles.
• Guru Purnima
  Teachers come second (after the gods) in the Hindu hierarchy of respect. The full moon day of the month June/July is set aside for students to pay homage to their teachers and receive blessings from them in return. At a place called Vyas on the Kathmandu-Pokhara highway, special worship is performed to Maharishi Vyas, the saint who wrote the great Hindu epic, Mahabharat. For Buddhists, the occasion (Dilla Punhi) is sacred as the day when the Buddha-to-be entered the womb of Queen Mayadevi. Religious functions are held at monasteries and temples to commemorate the event.
• Lhosar
  Lhosar is the Tibetan New Year which falls on February/March. This festival is mast impressively observed by all the Tibetan-speaking populations. They organize folk songs and dances on this occasion. These dances can be seen in Khumbu, Helambu and other northern regions of Nepal and also at Boudhanath in Kathmandu.

Rato Machindra Jatra

This is the longest as well as the most important festival of Patan. It begins with several days of ceremonies and the fabrication of a wooden-wheeled chariot at Pulchowk, near the Ashoka Stupa. The chariot bears the shrine of the Rato (Red) Macchendranath (the Tantric expression of Lokeshwar) and carries a very tall spire fabricated from " bamboo poles raised from four ends of the chariot. This unwieldy spire is around 10 meters tall and on account of which, the chariot balances precariously. It is said that calamity is certain to strike the land in the event of the chariot overturning or breaking down during

the course of this festival. (Quite often, it does collapse!).Following the construction, the chariot is towed through the streets of Patan by throngs of devotees every day. Each day, it is put to rest in one of the many venerated spots in the city.This goes on for a month until it comes to rest on the big field outside the zoo and end with the Bhoto Jatra, another major festival, during which the bejewelled 'bhoto' of Machhendranath is displayed to the public.

Holi

The ancient Hindu festival of Holi falls on late February or on early March. Allegedly named after the mythical demoness Holika, it is a day when the feast of colours is celebrated. The festival is of a week. However it's only the last day that is observed by all with colours. Phagu is another name for Holi where Phagu means the sacred red powder and Pune is the full moon day, on which the festival ends. People can be seen wandering through the streets either on foot or on some vehicle, with a variety of colours smeared over them.

Families and friends get together and celebrate the occasion with a lot of merry making. This spring time celebration is also an outburst of youthful exuberance in which throwing colours and water bolloons (lolas) on passer- by is acceptable. But, the Indian community, that is, the Marwari class who have settled down in Nepal for centuries and the people of Terai celebrate it a day later with more pomp and ceremony.

The days prior to the last don't have a lot happening except, the installation of the ceremonial pole called "chir', on the first day. It's a bamboo pole, fringed with strips of cloth representing good luck charms. It is said to symbolize the tree on which lord Krishna hung the milkmaids' garments while they were bathing, unseen as they thought, in the Jamuna river of northern India. As the pole is put up in the street at Basantapur, the festivities and worship commences for the week. At the end of which its taken to a bonfire.

The myth following Holi, reveals that a fiend named Holika together with her brother, an atheist king by the name of Hiranyakasyapu conspired ways to kill his son Pralhad because Pralhad was an ardent devotee of Lord Vishnu. But their attempts always failed for Lord Vishnu protects those who love him. Finally, Holika who having received a blessing from Lord Bramha to be immune to fire, jumped in with Pralhad. But Brahma's blessing could only be used for good purposes and so Holika was consumed by the fire where as Pralhad was saved by the grace of the Gods. Thus, Holi is said to be celebrated to rejoice Holika's extermination and the traditional bonfires are believed to commemorate her death.

According to another story, from the Puranas and the Bhagvat, Kansa sent a female demon named Putna to kill his nephew Lord Krishna. Taking the form of a nurse Putna went to Brindaban where the child Lord Krishna was growing up and tried to feed Him her poisonous milk but the attempt backfired and she was killed. Her body was burnt on the night of Holi. So some consider Holi, the festival of fire also.

Holi for everyone is a time for fun and frolic. A day when one forgets the worldly anxieties and just enjoys the finer things in life.

Indra Jatra

It is a well known fact that Hinduism and Buddhism are the two major religions of Nepal, each having it's own rules and rituals. However, like most festivals of Nepal, both Hindus and Buddhist unite to celebrate the festival of Indra Jatra. This festival is celebrated by both Hindus and Buddhists with great enthusiasm. It is also believed that Indra Jatra is a festival of classical dances. It is on this very day when one is able to observe numerous varieties of traditional dances. The festival is named after Lord Indra who is known as the god of rain and also as the king of heaven.

The festival of Indra Jatra continues for eight days with much rejoicing, singing, dancing and feasting. People from all over Nepal, mostly those who live within the Kathmandu Valley, gather at the Hanuman Dhoka in Kathmandu. The first day of the festival is viewed by a large number of people. On that day, a long wooden pole is erected in front of the ancient Royal Palace at Hanuman Dhoka, in order to propitiate Lord Indra, the"god of rain". Classical dancers also assemble at the spot, wearing different kinds of traditional masks and costumes and dancing around the courtyard of Hanuman Dhoka to celebrate Indra's visit.

On the third day of the festival of Indra Jatra, the living goddess Kumari is taken out in a procession in a chariot. "Kumari", the "living goddess", is considered to be an incarnation of the goddess "Taleju". Chariots of Kumari, Ganesha and Bhairav are taken around the city for three days. According to Hindu beliefs Ganesha is the son of Shiva and Parvati who has a head of an elephant and Bhairav is another form of Lord Shiva himself.

The king of Nepal, the only Hindu king in the world, also pays homage to the Kumari during this period. The festival's many interesting dances, including the Procession of Living Goddess-Mahakali, Mahalaxmi and Dasha Avatara masked dances are staged in Kathmandu Durbar Square, near the Kumari Temple. The "Dasha Avatara" refers to the ten incarnations of Lord Vishnu who is one of the Hindu's Holy trinity. The excitement of the festival of Indra Jatra comes to an end on the last evening of the festival when the long wooden pole erected on the first day is lowered with religious ceremonies, animal sacrifices and ritual gestures.

Gai Jatra

The festival of "Gai Jatra", the procession of cows, is generally celebrated in the Nepalese month of Bhadra (August-September). The festival of cows is one of the most popular festivals of Nepal. The whole complex of Gai Jatra festival has its roots in the ancient age when people feared and worshipped Yamaraj,"the god of death". However, the ironical sessions synonymous with the Gai Jatra festival came into tradition in the medieval period of Nepal during the reign of Malla Kings. Hence, the present form of Gai Jatra is a happy blending of antiquity and medievalism.


According to the traditions since times immemorial, every family who has lost one relative during the past year must participate in a procession through the streets of Kathmandu leading a cow. If a cow is unavailable then a young boy dressed as a cow is considered a fair substitute. In Hinduism, a cow is regarded as the most venerated among all the domestic animals. It is believed that the cow, revered as a holy animal by Hindus, will help the deceased relative's journey to heaven.

In terms of historical evidences, once when King Pratap Malla lost his son, his wife, the queen remained dumbstruck. The king was very sad to see the condition of his beloved queen. The king, in spite of his several efforts, could not lessen the grief of his wife. By all means he wanted to see little smile on the lips of his sweetheart. He announced that someone who ever made the queen laugh would be rewarded adequately.

During the festival of Gai Jatra, the cow procession was brought before the griefstricken queen. Then the participants began ridiculing and befooling the important people of the society. Finally when the social injustice and other evils were highlighted and attacked mercilessly, the queen could not stop smiling. The queen laughed, and Pratap Malla, the king ensued a tradition of including jokes, satires,mockery and lampoon in the Gai Jatra days.

Buddha Jayanti

The belief and the practice of Buddhism in Nepal dates back to the time of Prince Siddharth Gautam, who was born in the southern Terai region of the country in about 543 BC. Till he was 29, the young prince led a very sheltered life in the royal palace of his father. He was completely unaware of the tragedies of everyday life. One day, he convinced his charioteer to take him outside the walls of his palace and he was shocked to see the sight of an old man, a cripple, and a corpse.

The realization that there was more to life than the lavish and luxurious life he was leading, made him abandon all the worldly pleasures and search for enlightenment and the true meaning of life. After much wandering and searching, Gautam finally attained enlightenment while meditating under a pipul tree. Henceforth, known as the "Buddha" or "the enlightened one" he began to preach "The Four Noble Truths" to all who would listen. According to this doctrine, people suffer because of their desires and the root cause of all misery is desire. These desires and consequently all problems can be totally eliminated by following the "eightfold path"- right views, right intent, right speech, right conduct, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness and right meditation.

Buddha journeyed from place to place, teaching and converting hundreds of followers. He died at the age of eighty. However, his disciples continued to spread his teachings. Because of his wise teachings Lord Buddha is revered by many Nepalese and Buddha Jayanti is celebrated with much enthusiasm throughout the Kingdom.This day falls on the full moon of the month of Baisakh and is celebrated to commemorate the birth, attainment of knowledge and the death of Lord Buddha.Thus, it is a thrice blessed day.

Prayers are sung and the Buddhists offer worship in all the major Buddhist shrines such as Swayambhu and Boudhanath.At Swayambhunath, for example millions of devout Buddhists gather to chant prayers and to burn butterlamps. The next morning a giant figure of Lord Buddha is displayed to all the followers and hundreds of small shrines are visited and worshipped. Large groups of people parade through the streets praising the Lord and his teachings. Special flags, usually red, blue; yellow and white can be seen flying high above all the Buddhist households.

Janakpur

Janakpur, [Nepali: जनकपुर नगरपालिका) less commonly Janakpurdham, is a city in Nepal. Janakpur is the administrative headquarters of the Dhanusa District of the Janakpur Zone and has a population of approximately 80,000. The city is located about 400 km south-east of Kathmandu, 20 km from the Indian border^[1] at 26° 42' 44" N, 085° 55' 18" E Janakpur has a substantial tourist industry due to its significance in the Hindu religion^[3] and is home to the only operational railway in Nepal, the Janakpur Railway.

Janaki Mandir, Janakpur

Janakpur, historically called Mithila, is the centre of the ancient Maithili culture, which has its own language and script.

The first millennium BC text Śatpath Brāhmana tells that the king Māthava Videgha, led by his priest Gotama Rahugana, first crossed the Sadānirā (Gandaka) river and founded the kingdom of Videha, whose capital city was Mithila. As Gotama Rahugana composed many hymns in the Rgveda, these events must date to the Rgvedic period.

The most important historical reference to Mithila/Janakpur is in the Hindu epic Ramayana, where Lord Rama's wife Sita Devi (also called Janaki) is said to have been the princess of Videha. Her father, King Janak, found baby Sita in a furrow of a field and raised her as his daughter. When she grew up, the king announced that she should be wed by whoever was able to string the divine bow of Shiva. Though many royal suitors tried, Lord Rama, prince of Ayodhya, alone could even lift the bow. As Rama and Sita are major figures in Hinduism, Janakpur is an important pilgrimage site for Hindus.

In addition, both the great saints Gautama Buddha, founder of Buddhism, and Vardamana Mahavira, the 24th and final Tirthankara of the Jain religion, are said to have lived in Mithila/Janakpur. The region was an important centre of Indian history during the first millennium.

> INTRODUCTION
Jungle safari in Nepal guides you into exotic wildlife housing rich bio-diversity amidst its rolling prairies, tranquil wetlands and majestic woodlands. Nepal has nine national parks and three wildlife reserves; Royal Chitwan National Park, Everest National Park, Annapurna Conservation, Langtan National Park, Royal Bardiya Park, Rara National Park, Khaptad National Park, Shukla Phanta Wildlife, She Phoksundo National Park, Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve, Kosi Tappu wildlife Reserve, Parsa Wildlife Reserve.

> WILDLIFE SAFARI IN NEPAL ROYAL CHITWAN NATIONAL PARK Located in the Terai, Chitwan park is the most famous national park of Nepal. Enjoy an elephant ride, a safari or just relax at your resort, this destination has a lot to offer... ROYAL BARDIA NATIONAL PARK A visit to the Bardia park is the perfect alternative to the Chitwan park because of its remote location and its wilderness. BIRD WATCHING TOURS Nepal is the home of thousands of incredible species of birds. During an expedition in Koshi Tappu, you will encounter more than 250 different species of amazing and beautiful birds.

Explore Himalaya as a leading Nepal jungle safari operator and eco tourism company delivers strong commitment to conserve the environment and wildlife. We take you on Nepal wildlife safaris through the untamed jungles and grandeur of nature. As you explore further into the wilderness in your jeep safari, you will encounter rare species of mongoose, cats, leopard, rhinoceros, wild boar, porcupines, hyena, bats, antelope, squirrels etc in their natural habitat roaming around freely. Moreover, you will also be sightseeing unique species of birds, flora and fauna in your elephant safari wildlife tour. If fun and adventure are what you are seeking, then you surely want to go for Nepal wildlife safari holidays. You wouldn’t want to miss an opportunity to capture your experience and memories through wildlife photography in your souvenir wildlife photos.

Rafting in nepal

> INTRODUCTION Rafting in Nepal gained immense popularity as tourism culture started to blossom in Nepal in early eighties. A series of the world’s most outstanding white-water river rafting and kayaking are found here. White water rafting means cruising down the gushing waters of river in an inflatable rubber raft or kayak over roaring waves and swirling fast-moving water for the excitement of a lifetime.

> RAFTING TRIPS IN NEPAL SUNKOSHI RIVER KALI GANDAKI RIVER BHOTE KOSHI RIVER TRISULI RIVER

Drifting along the raging waves of river Kali Gandakhi, Trisuli, Sun Kosi, Karnali or Bheri with scintillating kaleidoscope of high mountain peaks, dense vegetations and mysterious wilderness as its backdrop unfolds irresistible challenges and adventure. Nepal white water rafting can be experienced as a short 2 day excursion, or in the style of an expedition where we walk in for two days and then paddle a distance of 150 km or more over a period of two weeks. Almost every trek or cultural tour in Nepal or Tibet can be round off with ‘rafting trips’ or can be combined with a wild life safari trip.

Explore Himalaya, a leading rafting trips operator in Nepal, offers unparalleled Nepal Whitewater Rafting packages suitable for any level of experience. Our river rafting trips are designed perfectly for novices and families to ultimate thrill-seekers. If adventure spirit, flexibility, patience, and boldness are ingrained in you then Nepali rafting trips are rightfully meant for you. Our river rafting guides are professionals trained in emergency wilderness first aid and swift-water rescue. Keeping your safety as our utmost priority we use the best rafts, flotation devices, helmets and paddles. Please have a look through our website for detailed information on ‘Nepal Rafting trips’ graded according to the difficulty of their run.

Mustang

This is a Trek that takes you along the Kali Gandaki Valley to the ancient Himalayan Kingdom of Mustang.

The word 'Mustang' conjures up ideas of remoteness and seclusion, a region lost amongst the mountains. This was an independent country until it was closely consolidated into Nepal just a few decades ago.

The kingdom of Mustang lies in the rain shadow formed by the Annapurna & Nilgiri Himalayas and thus gets very little rain which fortunately, makes the area ideal for trekking even in the mid monsoon while the other areas of Nepal remain unsuitable for trekking due to heavy monsoon rains.

The Trek to this mystique kingdom which requires a special permit that costs US$ 700 per person [valid for 10 Days] begins at the airstrip of Jomsom after flying up early from Pokhara. The trek is rather easy as most of the route goes along the bank of Kali Gandaki River and eventually leads you to Lo Manthang, the capital of Mustang at 3730 meter, which is the highest point on this trip.

Fascinating areas: culturally and historically, picturesque villages, monasteries, unique landscapes with easy access and very few trekkers going to this area are the major highlights of this trip. This is among the very few adventure trips in Nepal which can be done throughout the year.

The region of Mustang lies north of the main Himalayan range in the area known as the trans-Himalaya. A vast high valley, arid and dry, it has a barren desert-like appearance similar to the Tibetan Plateau and is characterized by eroded canyons and colorful stratified rock formations. It was once an important route for crossing the Himalaya between Tibet and Nepal, and many of the old salt caravans passed through Mustang.

Known to its inhabitants as Lo, Mustang was only opened to trekkers in March 1992 and you will be part of a small privileged minority to visit this remote outpost of Nepal. The capital of the Mustang district is actually Jomsom but the Tibetan influenced area north of Kagbeni is known as Upper Mustang. It is this area which we will explore fully, discovering the wonders of the architecture, language, culture and traditions which are almost purely Tibetan in this once-upon-a-time mystical kingdom

> TRIP FACTS Trip duration: 17 Days Grade: Moderate to fairly challenging - Grade Explanation Activity: Sightseeing and trekking Starts in: Kathmandu Ends in: Kathmandu Trek type: FOT (Fully Organized Trek or Camping Trek) Accommodation: Hotel & camping Transportation: Flights & private car Maximum altitude: 3840m

Kanchenjunga North Bse Camp

Kanchenjunga, the world's third highest mountain, lies on Nepal's eastern border with Sikkim. On trekking along the challenging trails amid the mesmerizing vistas of Kanchenjunga, we get to witness exotic wilderness. This wonderful trek begins and ends at the small airstrip at Sukhetar [Taplejung], which lies in the remote north east corner of Nepal. It takes you through fascinating villages and pristine forests to the awe-inspiring South Face Base Camp at Ramche, before crossing the Mirgin La to the north side of Kanchenjunga and the Pang Pema base camp. As trekkers skirt through this amazing adventurous and exploratory trail, they attain a glorious and unforgettable experience that was so much worth the trip.

		> TRIP FACTS Trip duration: 27 Days Grade: Strenuous Trek - Grade Explanation Activity: Sightseeing and trekking Starts in: Kathmandu Ends in: Kathmandu Trek type: FOT (Fully Organized Trek or Camping Trek) Accommodation: Hotel & camping Transportation: Flights & private car Maximum altitude: 5140m
		> OUTLINE ITINERARY Day 01 - Arrive Kathmandu Day 02 - Sightseeing tour in Kathmandu Day 03 - Fly to Biratnagar Day 04 - Fly to Suketar & trek to Lali Kharka [2220m] Day 05 - Trek to Keswa [2100m] Day 06 - Trek to Mamanke [2000m] Day 07 - Trek to Yamphudin [1650m] Day 08 - Trek to Lamite jungle camp [2920m] Day 09 - Trek to Torontan [3080m] Day 10 - Trek to Tseram [3750m] Day 11 - Trek to Ramche [4360m] Day 12 - Ramche - Exploration Day 13 - Trekking beyond the Mirgin La Day 14 - Trek to Gunsa [3475m] Day 15 - Trek to Khambachen [4040m] Day 16 - Trek to Lhonak [4790m] Day 17 - Trek to Pang Pema [5140m] Day 18 - Pang Pema rest day Day 19 & 20 - Retreat trek to Gunsa [3430m] Day 21 - Trek to Kyapra [2300m] Day 22 - Trek to Sakathum [1600m] Day 23 - Trek to Chirwa [1180m] Day 24 - Trek to Phurumba Day 25 - Trek to Taplejung - Suketar [2300m] Day 26 - Flight to Kathmandu via Biratnagar Day 27 - Depart Kathmandu

Kanchenjunga South Base Camp

This trek approaches the South Face Base Camp of the world's third highest peak, Kanchenjunga [8598m] which lies in the eastern frontier of Nepal. Mt. Kanchenjunga, one of the world's most challenging peaks to climb, geographically lies on the Nepal-Sikkim (India) border. The trek begins right after landing at a STOL airstrip in Taplejung and goes through fascinating green, crop growing villages and pristine forests to the awe-inspiring South Face Base Camp at Ramche at [4360m], before crossing to the north side of Kanchenjunga via the Mirgin La, the highest pass at [4663m]. The glacial excursion around Ramche is truly an unforgettable experience. The return trek via Ghunsa is easier as most of the path passes along the river valley.

		> TRIP FACTS Trip duration: 21 Days Grade: Strenuous Trek - Grade Explanation Activity: Sightseeing and trekking Starts in: Kathmandu Ends in: Kathmandu Trek type: FOT (Fully Organized Trek or Camping Trek) Accommodation: Hotel & camping Transportation: Flights & private car Maximum altitude: 4363m
		> OUTLINE ITINERARY Day 01: Arrival Kathmandu. Day 02: Sightseeing in Kathmandu. Day 03: Fly Kathmandu to Biratnagar. Day 04: Fly to Sukhetar, trek to Lali Kharka [2220m]. Day 05: Trek to Keswa [2100m]. Day 06: Trek to Mamanke [2000m]. Day 07: Trek to Yamphudin [1650m]. Day 08: Trek to Lamite Jungle camp [2920m]. Day 09: Trek to Torontan [3080m]. Day 10: Trek to Tseram [3750m]. Day 11: Trek to Ramche [4360m]. Day 12: Rest day in Ramche – Exploration. Day 13: Trekking beyond the Mirgin La [4663m]. Day 14: Trek to Gunsa [3475m]. Day 15: Trek to Kyapra [2300m]. Day 16: Trek to Sakathum [1600m]. Day 17: Trek to Chirwa [1180m]. Day 18: Trek to Phurumba. Day 19: Trek to Taplejung - Suketar [2300m]. Day 20: Fly to Kathmandu via Biratnagar. Day 21: Depart Kathmandu

Langtang Trek

Trekking in the spectacular Langtang Valley is the closest you could get to the massive snow capped mountains from Kathmandu valley.

The Langtang Valley is located only 19 miles north of Kathmandu, close to the border of Tibet. The valley is dominated by Langtang Lirung [7246m], the highest peak in the area. This is a superb introduction to trekking in Nepal among some of the most beautiful scenery in the whole country.

This Langtang trek towards the base of Langtang Himal, north of Kathmandu valley, offers the shortest approach to snowy mountains from Kathmandu. The Langtang trek starts from Syabru Besi after a 9 hrs drive from Kathmandu. Following a trail upstream Bhote Kosi river through ethnic Tamang villages, lush green forests and the wide spread Kyangin valley surrounded by snowy peaks from all fours sides, takes you up to Kyangin at 3800 meter, where you get an opportunity to ascend Kyangjin Ri [4350m.], from where the 360 degree mountain views are truly panoramic. After an ascent of Kyangjin Ri, we retrace our route back down the valley to Syabru Besi and then drive back to Kathmandu.

Due to gradual ascent along the river valley this Langtang trek is not considered strenuous, but yet, it remains challenging as it reaches an altitude of 3800 meter at Kyangjin. The Langtang trek can be done any time of the year except during monsoons [July & August].

> TRIP FACTS Trip duration: 11 Days Grade: Moderate Trek - Grade Explanation Activity: Sightseeing and trekking Starts in: Kathmandu Ends in: Kathmandu Trek type: FOT/TH /GAP Accommodation: Camping/ Lodge (Teahouse) Transportation: Private car or tourist bus Maximum altitude: 4350m [FOT: Fully Organized Trek or Camping Trek TH: Tea House (Lodge) GAP: Guide, Accommodation & Porter]

		> OUTLINE ITINERARY Day 01 - Arrive Kathmandu] Day 02 - Sightseeing tour in Kathmandu Day 03 - Kathmandu to Syabru Besi [1400m] Day 04 - Syabru Besi to Lama Hotel[2748m] Day 05 - Trek to Langtang village [3500m] Day 06 - Trek to Kyagjin [3800m] Day 07 - Rest day in Kyangjin Day 08 - Trek to Lama Hotel [2784m] Day 09 - Syabru Besi [1400m] Day 10 - Drive to Kathmandu Day 11 - Depart Kathmandu

Annapurna Base Camp Trek

Annapurna Base Camp (a trek in sync with ecological beauty at its best)
Trekking in the shadows of the Annapurna

Annapurna Base Camp Trekking is a moderate nature trek that starts at Phedi, a short drive of about 45 minutes from Pokhara, which takes you to the foot [Base Camp, 4130m] of Mt. Annapurna, one of the most magnificent peaks in the world. The trail takes you through fascinating traditional villages of Nepal’s ethnic communities of the Gurung, Magar, and Thakali who will greet you very warmly if you cared to stop for a conversation. The hike continues through dense rhododendron forest with towering snowy peaks in the background. The return walk is even more interesting as the trek winds around different ridges towards Ghorepani, where you witness breathtaking views of an early morning sunrise where a red halo seeps through glistening gaps over the snow capped peaks of the Annapurna & Dhaulagiri Mountains. The sceneries seen throughout this trek grace the landscape of the Himalayas where imagination defines the beauty of nature as an experience that can never be forgotten.

The Annapurna Base Camp trek will be even more interesting in spring as the whole forest along the trail turns red, pink and white with rhododendron flowers. This wonder trip can be done anytime of the year except during the monsoons [July thru August].

	» TRIP FACTS Trip duration: 16 Days Grade: Moderate to fairly challenging - Grade Explanation Activity: Trekking and sightseeing Starts in: Kathmandu Ends in: Kathmandu Trek type: TH (Tea House / Lodge) Accommodation: Hotel, lodge (tea house) Transportation: Flight & private car Maximum altitude: 4130m

	» OUTLINE ITINERARY Day 01 - Arrive in Kathmandu Day 02 - Sightseeng in Kathmandu Day 03 - Fly to Pokahara & drive to Phedi, trek to Dhampus [1700m] Day 04 - Trek to Landrung [1550m] Day 05 - Trek to Chomrong [2100m] Day 06 - Trek to Himalaya hotel [2850m] Day 07 - A day for rest day Day 08 - Trek to Machhapuchhre Base Camp [3700m] Day 09 - Trek to Annapurna south base camp [4130m] Day 10 - Trek to Chomrong [2100m] Day 11 - Trek to Ghandrunk [1940m] Day 12 - Trek to Banthanti [2410m] Day 13 - Trek to Ghorepani [2880m] Day 14 - Trek to Nayapul, drive to Pokhara Day 15 - Fly to Kathmandu Day 16 - Depart Kathmandu

Ghorepani Trek

A soft adventure trek in Nepal's middle hills, with the awesome backdrop of the Annapurna Range – 10 days

This trek is well suited for the beginners or for those who have limited time but still want a real Himalayan experience. The trek starts from Phedi after a short drive from Pokhara, the trail passes through rhododendron forest and fascinating traditional Gurung villages at Dhampus & Ghandrung; a nice opportunity to witness the culture and tradition of Nepalese countryside. Along the way, there are spectacular views of the snowy peaks of the Annapurnas, capped off by the unforgettable mountain panorama from Poon Hill.
An easy trek which takes you up to an elevation of 2775 meter at Ghorepani can also be combined as an extension trip to cultural tours of Kathmandu & Pokhara. The trip can be done throughout the year except during monsoon [July & August].

		> TRIP FACTS Trip length: 10 Days Grade: Soft Adventure Trek - Grade Explanation Starts in: Kathmandu Ends in: Kathmandu Trek type: FOT/TH/GAP Accommodation: Hotel and Lodge Transportation: Flights and private car Altitude maximum: 2775m [FOT: Fully Organized Trek or Camping Trek TH: Tea House (Lodge) GAP: Guide, Accommodation & Porter]

		> OUTLINE ITINERARY Day 01 - Arrive Kathmandu Day 02 - Sightseeing in Kathmandu Valley Day 03 – Fly or drive (optional) to Pokhara & Trek to Birethanti[1075m] Day 04 - Trek to Ghandruk [1940m] Day 05 - Trek to Tadapani [2540] Day 06 - Trek to Ghorapani [2775m] Day 07 - Trek to Nayapul, drive to Pokhara Day 08 – Free day in Pokhara Day 09 – Fly or drive (optional) to Kathmandu Day 10 – Depart

Everest Base Camp Trek

Mount Everest Base Camp has been a popular destination for trekkers since the very first expeditions to the Nepalese side of Everest in the 1953. To reach this part of the Himalaya within a limited time, we have devised this two week trek to Everest Base Camp which runs directly to and from Lukla.

The Everest Base Camp trek, a very well known mountain trek, starts at the upper Phakding and follows the Dudh Kosi valley which climbs up to the Sherpa capital of Namche, a bustling bazaar that’s a junction for trekkers, the local Sherpa and expeditions en route to the mighty Mt. Everest. All along this part of the trail, villages are interspersed with magnificent forests of rhododendron, magnolia and giant firs. In both the early autumn and late spring, the flowers on this portion of the trek make it the kind of walk you will remember for a long, long time.

From Namche, we trek along a high traversing path where we have our first good views of Everest and then head towards Thyangboche Monastery, which is a 2 hour climb. The monastery sits at 3867m in a clearing surrounded by dwarf firs and rhododendrons. The monastery is structurally located on a ridge top with commanding views of the Everest landscape. The view from this spot, seen to best advantage in the morning, is absolutely mesmerizing and stunning and is rightly deemed to be one of the most magnificent in the world.

We then descend to the Imja Khola and continue to the villages of Pangboche and Pheriche before finally approaching the Khumbu Glacier. We then follow the glacier, first to Lobuche, a vantage point for some spectacular views of the Ama Dablam, Taweche and other peaks and then hike to Gorak Shep for a breather.

We also have the opportunity to ascend Kala Pattar [5554m] from where we can get some awesome views of the Himalayan giants which literally numb your senses with breathless admiration that beholds the eye; and makes up for the lung-bursting climb that took you up there. You soon realize it was absolutely worth it. This also includes fantastic views of the south west face of the colossal Mt. Everest. We then trek down to Everest Base Camp at the foot of the Khumbu ice fall before finally making our way back down to Lukla.

		> TRIP FACTS Trip duration: 16 Days Trip grade: moderate to fairly challenging - Grade Explanation Activity: Trekking and Cultural excursion Starts in: Kathmandu Ends in: Kathmandu Trek type: TH (Tea House / Lodge) Accommodation: Hotel, lodge (tea house) Transportation: Flight and car Maximum altitude: 5357m

		> OUTLINE ITINERARY Day 01 - Arrive Kathmandu Day 02 - Sightseeing tour in Kathmandu Day 03 - Flight to Lukla & trek to Phakding Day 04 - Trek to Namche (3450m) Day 05 - Rest day in Namche Day 06 - Trek to Thyangboche[3864m] Day 07 - Trek to Pheriche [4252m] Day 08 - Rest day in Pheriche Day 09 - Trek to Lobuche[4930m] Day 10 - Trek to Gorak Shep [5184m] Day 11 - Trek to Everest BC [5357], back to Gorak Shep Day 12 - Trek to Pangboche [3985m] Day 13 - Trek to Namche[3450m] Day 14 - Trek to Lukla[2900m] Day 15 - Flight to Kathmandu Day 16 - Depart Kathmandu

Pokhara Valley

Pokhara

Pokhara Sub-Metropolitan City (Nepali: पोखरा उपमहानगरपालिका Pokhara Up-Mahanagarpalika) is a city of close to 200,000 inhabitants in central Nepal located at 28.25 N, 83.99 E, 198 km west of Kathmandu. It is the third largest city of Nepal after Kathmandu and Biratnagar. It is the Headquarters of Kaski District, Gandaki Zone and the Western Development Region. It is also one of the most popular tourist destinations of the country.

Pokhara is situated in the northwestern corner of the Pokhara Valley, which is a widening of the Seti Gandaki valley. The Seti River and its tributaries have dug impressive canyons into the valley floor, which are only visible from higher viewpoints or from the air. To the east of Pokhara is the municipality of Lekhnath, another town in the valley.

In no other place do mountains rise so quickly. In this area, within 30 km, the elevation rises from 1000 m to over 7500 m. The Dhaulagiri, Annapurna and Manaslu ranges, each with peaks over 8000 m, can be seen from Pokhara and there is a lake named Phewa Tal (Tal means lake in the Nepali language, three caves (Mahendra, Bat and Gupteswor) and an impressive falls (Patale Chhango or Devi's Fall) where the water from the Phewa Lake thunders into a hole and disappears. Due to this sharp rise in altitude the area of Pokhara has one of the highest precipitation rates of the country (over 4000 mm/year). Even within the city there is a noticeable difference in the amount of rain between the south of the city by the lake and the north at the foot of the mountains.

Pokhara lies on an important old trading route between Tibet and India. In the 17th. century it was part of the influential Kingdom of Kaski which again was one of the Chaubise Rajaya (24 Kingdoms of Nepal) ruled by a branch of the Shah Dynasty. Many of the mountains around Pokhara still have medieval ruins from this time. In 1752 the King of Kaski invited Newars from Bhaktapur to Pokhara to promote trade. Their heritage can still be seen in the architecture along the streets in Bhimshen Tol (Old Pokhara). Hindus, again, brought their culture and customs from Kathmandu and settled in the whole Pokhara valley. In 1786 Prithvi Narayan Shah added Pokhara into his kingdom. It had by then become an important trading place on the routes from Kathmandu to Jumla and from India to Tibet.

When the citizens of Bhaktapur came to Pokhara they brought many cultural dances like, "BHAIRAB DANCE, TAYA MACHA, LAKHE DANCE" and many more which helped in the tourism sector. Before only Newari people used to live here. After the British camp was shifted here Magar and Gurung people also used to live here.

From 1959 to 1962 some 300,000 refugees came to Nepal from neighbouring Tibet, which had been annexed by China. Four refugee camps were established in the Pokhara valley: Tashipalkhel, Tashiling, Paljorling and Jambling. These camps have evolved into settlements. Because of their different architecture, prayer flags, gompas and chorten, these can easily be distinguished from the other settlements.

Until the end of the 1960s the town could only be reached by foot and it was considered even more a mystical place than Kathmandu. The first road was finished in 1968 after which tourism set in and the city grew rapidly. The area along the Phewa lake developed into one of the major tourism hubs of Nepal.

Lakes & Rivers

Phewa lake in 1982

Phewa Lake or Fewa Tal is a lake of Nepal located in the Pokhara Valley near Pokhara and Sarangkot.

The Seti River is a river running down from the Himalaya in north-west Nepal. It is one of the largest river in Nepal.

Lekhnath Municipality is known as "Garden city of seve lakes" as there are seven lakes.

List of Lakes & Rivers in Pokhara :

• Phewa Lake
• Begnas Lake
• Rupa Lake
• Seti River
• Gandaki River
• Gude Lake
• Neurani Lake
• Deepang Lake
• Maidy Lake
• Khastey Lake
• BIjayapur River

Main Places of Pokhara Valley

• Davis Fall
• Sarangkot Hill
• Fewa Lakeside
• Chinese Stupa
• Begnas Lake
• Rupa lake
• Barahi Temple
• Gupteswar Mahadev Temple

Kathmandu Travel The Capital City of Nepal

The Kathmandu Valley

The Kathmandu Valley (Nepal Bhasa: नेपाः स्वनिगः Nepāḥ Svānigaḥ), located in the Nepal, lies at the crossroads of ancient civilizations of Asia, and has at least 130 important monuments, including several places of pilgrimage for the Hindus and the Buddhists.

The city of Kathmandu is named after a structure in Durbar Square called Kaasthamandap. In Sanskrit, kāṣṭh (काष्ठ) = "wood" and maṇḍap (मंडप/मण्डप) = "covered shelter." This unique temple, also known as Maru Satal, was built in 1596 CE by King Laxmi Narsingh Malla. The entire structure contains no iron nails or supports and is made entirely from wood. Legend has it that the timber used for this two story pagoda was obtained from a single tree.

The Kathmandu Valley may have been inhabited as early as 300 BCE, since the oldest known objects in the valley date to a few hundred years BCE. The earliest known inscription is dated 185 CE. The oldest firmly dated building in the earthquake-prone valley is almost 1,992 years old. Four stupas around the city of Patan are said to have been erected by a certain Charumati, a purported daughter of Ashoka the Great, a Mauryan king, in the 3^rd century BCE attest to the ancient history present within the valley. As with the tales of the Buddha's visit, there is no evidence supporting Ashoka's visit, but the stupas probably do date to that century. The Kirats are the first documented rulers of the Kathmandu Valley, the remains of their palace are said to be in Patan near Hiranyavarna Mahavihara (called "Patukodon"). The Licchavi Dynasty whose earliest inscriptions date back to 464 CE were the next rulers of the valley and had close ties with the Gupta Dynasty of India. The Malla Dynasty, who ruled Kathmandu Valley and the surrounding area from the 12^th century CE untill the 18^th century CE when the Shah Dynasty under Prithvi Narayan Shah conquered the valley as he created present-day Nepal. Most of ancient Nepali architecture present in Nepal today is from the Malla era.

The temple of Pashupatinath.

Newars

The Newars, generally acknowledged to be the original habitants of the valley, are understood to be the descendents of the various ethnic and racial groups that have inhabited and ruled the valley in the 2-millennia history of the place. Although in today's state of Nepal, the Newars stand apart ethnically from the other groups on the basis of their composite Hindu-Buddhist religious culture and Nepal Bhasa, today spoken by all Newars as their mother tongue, the multifarious castes in the numerous caste systems within Newar society betray a surprising racial diversity. The similarities between the various cultural traits and complexes within Newar culture and those of many other ethnic groups in the Indian sub-continent lead us to hypothesize the occurrence of both vibrant circulations of peoples and cultures around the sub-continent during the last 2 millennia and a continuous and steady of diffusion of these ideas into the valley. Indologists/anthropologists and Newarologists describe Newar society as a "pre-dominantly Mongoloid people practicing an Indo-Aryan culture."

Places to see in Kathmandu Valley

• Kathmandu Durbar Square
• Patan Durbar Square

• Bhaktapur Durbar Square
• Thimi Durbar Square
• Changu Narayan
• Swayambhunath Stupa
• Boudhanath Stupa
• Pashupatinath temple
• Balkumari Temple/Thimi
• Wakachhen Mahadev/Thimi
• Golden Window/Thimi
• Chabahil
• Manjushree Temple in Majipa, Manjushree Tole
• Aditnath Temple in Chobhar hill village
• Palanchok Temple in kavre, east from middle of Kathmandu

Mountain Treeking in Nepal

You don't have to be an Olympic athlete to tackle the Himalayas. Nor do you need any special experience. Trekking is just walking, and anyone who is moderately fit and has a sense of adventure will enjoy hiking and trekking in Nepal. The range of treks varies from a short gentle hikes through terraced foothills to lengthy expeditions to mount Everest's summit. Whatever your level of fitness or experience, you'll find an adventure of life time that is waiting for you in Nepal.

Nepal is a never-ending outdoor adventure play-ground. Being home to eight out of the fourteen highest peaks in the world, each over 8000m. and ancient cultures, Nepal is the place to visit.

If you are looking for adventure and cultural experience of life time. Nepal has some of the best ever popular hiking, trekking, rock climbing, peak climbing, mountaineering, kayaking, rafting, canyoning, wildlife safari, mountain biking, paragliding, cultural sites and much more.

Rich cultural spirit that represents unique blend of Buddhism and Hinduism, Birth place of Buddha, Home of Mount Everest, World class rivers, World heritage sites - this is Nepal and it has something to enjoy for everyone.

Trekking in Nepal offers ultimate opportunity for intrepid explorers who are forever in quest for adventures in the Himalayas. With captivating landscape of Nepal Himalaya range and unrivaled diversity of flora and fauna, Nepal is trekkers’ paradise. Nepal trekking holidays is indeed, an inspirational treat to the trekkers. From the warm and lush vegetation of the lower hills to the ice slopes of the highest mountain range on earth, one will experience a truly delightful bond with the nature instilling in you an amazing spirit of adventure. Nothing can be more fulfilling experience than trekking in Nepal Himalaya that will let you camp in the jungles, surrender to the wilderness, bond with the nature, eat and sleep under an open sky, sing and dance around campfire and directly interact with local people. It is truly the perfect way to escape the hustle and bustle of everyday life and to relax and enjoy nature at its very best.

Explore Himalaya is a highly proactive trekking agency in Nepal which offers the largest range of Nepal adventure travel itineraries offering opportunities for people with any grade of experience and almost any time frame. For more than a decade, we've pioneered and led thousands of trips all over Himalayan range in the most eco-friendly way. Please check out our website for thorough information on Nepal treks and ‘about us’ section to know more about our concern over fragile Himalayan environment.

Geography of Nepal

Geography of Nepal is uncommonly diverse. Nepal is of roughly trapezoidal shape, 800 kilometres (500 mi) long and 200 kilometres (125 mi) wide, with an area of 147,181 square kilometres (56,827 sq mi). See List of territories by size for the comparative size of Nepal.

Nepal is commonly divided into three physiographic areas: the Mountain, Hill, Siwalik region and Terai Regions. These ecological belts run east-west and are vertically intersected by Nepal's major, north to south flowing river systems.

The southern lowland Plains bordering India are part of the northern rim of the Indo-Gangetic plains. They were formed and are fed by three major rivers: the Kosi, the Narayani, and the Karnali. This region has a hot, humid climate.

The Hill Region (Pahad) abuts the mountains and varies from 1,000 to 4,000 metres (3,300–13,125 ft) in altitude. Two low mountain ranges, the Mahabharat Lekh and Shiwalik Range (also called the Churia Range) dominate the region. The hilly belt includes the Kathmandu Valley, the country's most fertile and urbanised area. Unlike the valleys called Inner Tarai (Bhitri Tarai Uptyaka), elevations above 2,500 metres (8,200 ft) are sparsely populated.

The Mountain Region, situated in the Great Himalayan Range, makes up the northern part of Nepal. It contains the regions of highest altitude in the world; the world's highest mountain, 8,850 metres (29,035 ft) height Mount Everest (Sagarmatha in Nepali) is located here on the border with Tibet. Seven other of the world's ten highest mountains are located in Nepal: Lhotse, Makalu, Cho Oyu, Kanchenjunga, Dhaulagiri, Annapurna and Manaslu.

Tourism

Nepal has been a tourists paradise for many years. A country of amazing attractions, both natural and man-made, it offers a memorable experience for every visitor. Nepal is the home to the world's highest mountains, including Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest 88 48m).

Enchantment is everywhere, be it on the shoulders of high mountains, or terraced farmlands meticulously carved like stairways on the hill sides, or cascading mountain rivulets and rushing rivers, or in forests full of wildlife, flowers and bird song. In Nepal, there is something for everybody: tourist, trekker, river rafter, wildlife enthusiast, poet, artist, writer, and scholar.

General Knowledge about Nepal

संघीय लोकतान्त्रिक गणतन्त्र नेपालSanghiya Loktāntrik Ganatantra NepālFederal Democratic Republic of Nepal

Flag

Motto: जननी जन्मभूमिश्च स्वर्गादपि गरीयसी(Devanāgarī)"Mother and Motherland are Greater than Heaven"

Anthem: "Sayaun Thunga Phool Ka"

Capital(and largest city)
Kathmandu (Nepali: काठमांडौ) 27°42′N 85°19′E / 27.7°N 85.317°E / 27.7; 85.317
Official languages
Nepali[1]
Recognised regional languages
Maithili, Nepal Bhasa, Bhojpuri, Tharu, Gurung, Tamang, Magar, Awadhi, Sherpa, Kiranti and other 100 different indigenous languages.
Demonym Nepali

Government Republic

-President Ram Baran Yadav

-Vice President Parmanand Jha

-Prime Minister Madhav Kumar Nepal(Acting)


Unification

-Kingdom declared on December 21, 1768 by the then king Prithvi Narayan Shah

-State declared on January 15, 2007

-Republic declared on May 28, 2008 through Constituent Assembly


Area
-Total area is 147,181 km2 (93rd)56,827 sq mi

-Water (%) is 2.8 of the world

Population of Nepal in July 2008 estimate 29,519,114 (40th)

-2007 census is 28,875,140

-Density is 184/km2 (56th)477/sq mi

GDP (PPP) 2008 estimate
-Total $31.582 billion[2]

Per capita - $1,142[2]

GDP (nominal) 2008 estimate

Total - $12.698 billion[2]

Per capita - $459[2]

Gini (2003–04) 47.2 (high)
HDI (2007)
▲ 0.534 (medium) (142nd)

Currency - Rupee (NPR)
Time zone - NPT (UTC+5:45)

Summer (DST)
not observed (UTC+5:45)

Drives on the left

Internet TLD - .np

Calling code - 977

Nepal

Nepal (Nepali: नेपाल [neˈpaːl] (help·info)), officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, is a landlocked country in South Asia and is the world's youngest republic. It is bordered to the north by the People's Republic of China, and to the south, east, and west by the Republic of India. With an area of 147,181 square kilometers and a population of approximately 30 million, Nepal is the world's 93rd largest country by land mass, the 41st most populous country. Kathmandu is the nation's capital and the country's largest metropolitan city.

Nepal is a country of highly diverse and rich geography, culture, and religions. The mountainous north contains eight of the world's ten highest mountains, including the highest, Mount Everest. The fertile and humid south is heavily urbanized. By some measures, Hinduism is practiced by a greater majority of people in Nepal than in any other nation. A minority faith in the country, Buddhism is linked historically with Nepal as the birthplace of Siddhartha Gautama who, as the Buddha Gautama, gave birth to the Buddhist tradition.

Nepal had been a monarchy throughout most of its history. First the country Nepal was called only for the Kathmandu Valley which had 3 cities, Kantipur(Kathmandu), Lalitpur and Bhadgaun(Bhaktapur) and other states known baise(22 unified states) and Chaubise(24 unified states) which were ruled by various kings in each states. Later in 18th century, Prithvi Narayan Shah, a Shah dynasty king, unified the many small kingdoms in 1768. Since then, the country had been ruled by a dynasty of kings. Then in 19th century, during the reign of Shah king Rana Bahadur Shah, Prime Minister Jang Bahadur Rana, a Rana Dynasty, took over the power of Nepal and ruled for 104 years.

Then, 19th century, due to cruel ruling system of Rana Dynasty, the hugh mass of people formed a new revolutionary political party, Nepali Congress started revolution against the Ranas and brought Democracy in Nepal.However, a decade-long People's Revolution by the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) along with several weeks of mass protests by all major political parties of Nepal in 2006, culminated in a peace accord and the ensuing elections for the constituent assembly voted overwhelmingly in favor of the abdication of the last Nepali monarch Gyanendra Shah and the establishment of a federal democratic republic in May 28, 2008. The first President of Nepal, Dr. Ram Baran Yadav was sworn in on 23 July, 2008.